Smart Genetic Algorithm–Based Fractional-Order Error PID Control for Robust Power Quality in DFIG Applications

Abstract

The objective of this study is to enhance the power quality in multi-rotor power systems. To this end, a novel intelligent control algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is based on a fractional-order error-based proportional-integral-derivative (FOE-PID) regulator. The controller gains were calculated using a genetic algorithm. A direct power control technique with pulse width modulation (DPC-PWM), regulated by FOE-PID controllers for dynamic regulation of active and reactive power, harmonic suppression, and voltage stabilization, is used to overcome the drawbacks of conventional controllers, such as the proportional-integral (PI) controller. Extensive MATLAB-based simulations conducted under variable wind speeds demonstrate that the FOE-PID approach exhibits superior performance in the following critical performance metrics: response time, steady-state error, reactive power compensation, total harmonic distortion, and power ripple, when compared to the PI controller. Conversely, the FOE-PID-based DPC-PWM technology ensures high strength and the ability to maintain high energy quality in the event of a control system failure. This renders the system an exceptionally efficient control solution for the development of intelligent and sustainable energy systems in the future.